Smart Farming
Smart agriculture, as an important direction for the development of modern agriculture, is reshaping traditional agricultural production models through modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. (The main cases in the article are from China)
1、 Definition and connotation of smart agriculture
Smart agriculture (also known as digital agriculture or information agriculture) is a more advanced form of agriculture that uses sensors and software to control agricultural production through mobile platforms or computers, reducing human labor intensity, improving production efficiency and yield. Its core features include:
Intelligent production: achieving intelligent perception, warning, and decision-making of agricultural production environment through IoT technology
Precision management: using remote sensing, navigation and other technologies to achieve precise sowing, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting
Full chain integration: digital transformation covering the entire industry chain of agricultural production, operation, management, and services
Efficient utilization of resources: achieving precise allocation of agricultural resources such as water, fertilizer, and medicine through data-driven approaches
The connotation of smart agriculture is reflected in five aspects: promoting intelligent agricultural production, networked agricultural management, intelligent agricultural management, information technology for agricultural services, and electronic product quality.
2、 Core technology system
The technological foundation of smart agriculture mainly includes the following key areas:
a. Intelligent perception technology
IoT sensor network: real-time monitoring of environmental parameters such as soil temperature and humidity, light, CO ₂ concentration, etc
Drone remote sensing: crop growth and pest monitoring through hyperspectral imaging
Satellite remote sensing: large-scale farmland monitoring and yield prediction
b. Data analysis and decision-making techniques
Agricultural big data platform: integrating multi-source data such as meteorology, soil, and market
AI model: used for decision support such as yield prediction, disease and pest diagnosis, dynamic pricing, etc
Blockchain technology: ensuring the immutability of agricultural supply chain data
c. Intelligent equipment technology
Unmanned agricultural machinery: such as autonomous tractors equipped with Beidou navigation
Agricultural robots: including picking robots, weeding robots, milking robots, etc
Intelligent irrigation system: achieving precise regulation of water and fertilizer, saving up to 30% water
3、 Main application scenarios
Smart agriculture technology has been widely applied in the following fields:
a. Intelligent planting
Field crops: precise sowing and variable fertilization achieved through satellite remote sensing and the Internet of Things
Greenhouse: Automatic environmental control system creates optimal growth conditions
Orchard Management: Intelligent Water Fertilizer Integration System
b. Smart farming
Digital management of live pigs: such as the Agricultural Credit Union's "Pig Network" platform serving 150000 farms
Individualized feeding system: precise nutrition supply achieved through RFID ear tags
Intelligent aquaculture: such as remote monitoring of fish growth on deep-sea intelligent fishing platforms
c. Circulation of agricultural products
Blockchain traceability: such as MAP beSide full process quality control traceability system
Agricultural e-commerce platform: China's rural e-commerce scale will exceed 5 trillion yuan by 2025
d. Agricultural services
Digital agricultural technology promotion: such as the "Agricultural Science Smart V2.0" agricultural model
Agricultural meteorological services: Chongqing's "Smart Agricultural Meteorology+" disaster warning accuracy rate of 95%
Smart agriculture is driving the transformation of agricultural production from "sweat driven" to "smart driven". With continuous technological innovation and gradual cost reduction, its application breadth and depth will continue to expand, providing new impetus for the sustainable development of global agriculture.
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